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Resistor

A resistor is an electrical component which relates current through it to voltage across it by the ohm's law equation:

V = I * R

, where V is voltage measured in Volts, I is the current measured in Amperes, and R is it's resistance measured in Ohms.

Transistor

A transistor is a device which can act as a switch or can amplify signals

Capacitor

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charge across two surfaces which are insulated from each other

Capacitance

Capacitance is a unit used to quantify the ability of a capacitor to create a potential difference (measured in Volts) when a charge (measured in Coulombs) is stored across its surfaces. The formula for capacitance is

C = \frac{Q}{V}

where Q is electric charge in Coulombs, and V is the voltage across the surfaces of the capacitor

Ohm's Law for Capacitors

Ohm's Law, the law relating voltage linearly to current with the resistance constant

V = I R

, can be adapted to relate voltage to current across a capacitor by taking the derivative of the equation for capacitance,

C = \frac{Q}{V}

to obtain an equation in terms of current as the rate of charge:

I = C \frac{d V}{d t}

V C = Q

, Take the time derivative of both sides of the equation,

\frac{d V}{d t} C = \frac{d Q}{d t}

, convert

\frac{d Q}{d t}

to I for current, as current is defined as the charge flowing through per second

Inductor

An inductor is a device which stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it

Diode

A diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts currently primarily in one direction