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Metric Space
A metric space is a pair (X,d), where X is a set and d:X×X[0,) satisfies positivity, symmetry, and the triangle inequality.
Cauchy Sequence in a Metric Space
Suppose that (X,d) is a metric space. A sequence x1,x2, in X is Cauchy if for every ϵ+, there exists N+ such that d(xj,xk)<ϵ whenever j,kN.
Complete Metric Space
A metric space is complete if every Cauchy sequence in it converges to a point of the space.
Banach Fixed Point Theorem
Suppose that X is a nonempty complete metric space and T:XX is a contraction. Then T has a unique fixed point.
Normed Vector Space
A normed vector space is a vector space V over 𝔽 with a norm :V[0,) satisfying positivity, homogeneity, and the triangle inequality.
Banach Space
A Banach space is a normed vector space whose induced metric is complete.
Bounded Linear Map
Suppose that V and W are normed vector spaces. A linear map T:VW is bounded if there exists c[0,) such that Tvcv for every vV.
Operator Norm
Suppose that T:VW is a bounded linear map between normed vector spaces. The operator norm of T is T:=sup{Tv:vV, v1}.
Linear Map Continuous iff Bounded
Suppose that V and W are normed vector spaces and T:VW is linear. Then T is continuous if and only if T is bounded.
Bounded Linear Maps Form a Banach Space
Suppose that V is a normed vector space and W is a Banach space. Then the space (V,W) of bounded linear maps from V to W, with the operator norm, is a Banach space.
Baire Category Theorem
A complete metric space cannot be written as a countable union of closed sets with empty interior.
Open Mapping Theorem
Suppose that V and W are Banach spaces and T:VW is a surjective bounded linear map. Then T maps open subsets of V to open subsets of W.
Closed Graph Theorem
Suppose that V and W are Banach spaces and T:VW is linear. If the graph of T is closed in V×W, then T is bounded.
Uniform Boundedness Principle
Suppose that V is a Banach space, W is a normed vector space, and 𝒜(V,W). If supT𝒜Tv< for every vV, then supT𝒜T<.