Metric Space
A metric space is a pair , where is a set and satisfies positivity, symmetry, and the triangle inequality.
Cauchy Sequence in a Metric Space
Suppose that is a metric space. A sequence in is Cauchy if for every , there exists such that whenever .
Complete Metric Space
A metric space is complete if every Cauchy sequence in it converges to a point of the space.
Banach Fixed Point Theorem
Suppose that is a nonempty complete metric space and is a contraction. Then has a unique fixed point.
Normed Vector Space
A normed vector space is a vector space over with a norm satisfying positivity, homogeneity, and the triangle inequality.
Banach Space
A Banach space is a normed vector space whose induced metric is complete.
Bounded Linear Map
Suppose that and are normed vector spaces. A linear map is bounded if there exists such that
for every .
Operator Norm
Suppose that is a bounded linear map between normed vector spaces. The operator norm of is
Linear Map Continuous iff Bounded
Suppose that and are normed vector spaces and is linear. Then is continuous if and only if is bounded.
Bounded Linear Maps Form a Banach Space
Suppose that is a normed vector space and is a Banach space. Then the space of bounded linear maps from to , with the operator norm, is a Banach space.
Baire Category Theorem
A complete metric space cannot be written as a countable union of closed sets with empty interior.
Open Mapping Theorem
Suppose that and are Banach spaces and is a surjective bounded linear map. Then maps open subsets of to open subsets of .
Closed Graph Theorem
Suppose that and are Banach spaces and is linear. If the graph of is closed in , then is bounded.
Uniform Boundedness Principle
Suppose that is a Banach space, is a normed vector space, and . If for every , then .