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Metric Space
A metric space is a pair (X,d), where X is a set and d:X×X→[0,∞) satisfies positivity, symmetry, and the triangle inequality.
Cauchy Sequence in a Metric Space
Suppose that (X,d) is a metric space. A sequence x1,x2,… in X is Cauchy if for every ϵ∈ℝ+, there exists N∈ℤ+ such that d(xj,xk)<ϵ whenever j,k≥N.
Complete Metric Space
A metric space is complete if every Cauchy sequence in it converges to a point of the space.
Banach Fixed Point Theorem
Suppose that X is a nonempty complete metric space and T:X→X is a contraction. Then T has a unique fixed point.
Normed Vector Space
A normed vector space is a vector space V over 𝔽 with a norm ‖⋅‖:V→[0,∞) satisfying positivity, homogeneity, and the triangle inequality.
Banach Space
A Banach space is a normed vector space whose induced metric is complete.
Bounded Linear Map
Suppose that V and W are normed vector spaces. A linear map T:V→W is bounded if there exists c∈[0,∞) such that ‖Tv‖≤c‖v‖ for every v∈V.
Operator Norm
Suppose that T:V→W is a bounded linear map between normed vector spaces. The operator norm of T is ‖T‖:=sup⁡{‖Tv‖:v∈V, ‖v‖≤1}.
Linear Map Continuous iff Bounded
Suppose that V and W are normed vector spaces and T:V→W is linear. Then T is continuous if and only if T is bounded.
Bounded Linear Maps Form a Banach Space
Suppose that V is a normed vector space and W is a Banach space. Then the space ℬ(V,W) of bounded linear maps from V to W, with the operator norm, is a Banach space.
Baire Category Theorem
A complete metric space cannot be written as a countable union of closed sets with empty interior.
Open Mapping Theorem
Suppose that V and W are Banach spaces and T:V→W is a surjective bounded linear map. Then T maps open subsets of V to open subsets of W.
Closed Graph Theorem
Suppose that V and W are Banach spaces and T:V→W is linear. If the graph of T is closed in V×W, then T is bounded.
Uniform Boundedness Principle
Suppose that V is a Banach space, W is a normed vector space, and 𝒜⊆ℬ(V,W). If supT∈𝒜⁡‖Tv‖<∞ for every v∈V, then supT∈𝒜⁡‖T‖<∞.