Negative Real Number
We say that is negative when
Positive Real Number
We say that is positive when
A Negative Number is Smaller than a Positive One
Suppose that and that then
Multiplying by -1 Inverts the Sign
Suppose is positive iff is negative
Observe that iff iff as needed.
Negative Zero is Zero
For we have that
Since is an identity element with respect to then , specifically for by definition this means that as needed.
A Positive Number is Greater than the Negative Version of Itself
Suppose where then
If
then so trivially
. On the other hand if
then therefore
Multiplying by -1 Changes the Inequality Direction
For any
Observe that
is the same as
is the same as is the same as
as needed.
Absolute Value
the absolute value function
is defined by
Absolute Value Differs By Sign
Let if , then by definition, if , then , or rather
Absolute Value Equals Max of Itself and it's Negation
Let then
Recall the definition of which is that it's value is if and if . Suppose that then and since then we know that and so in this case we see that .
Now in the case that then and therefore therefore and since then .
Therefore it's been verified in any case so that .
Multiplication in Absolute Value
- If both are positive then
- if both are negative, then their product is positive so it follows as above
- if one of is positive and the other negative, without loss of generality assume that and then their product is negative so
- if any one of is zero, then
Value Between Positive and Negative Equivalence
Let where
we want to prove that . Case one, if then and since we already know that then we obtain that as needed. In the second case if then so we want to show that which is the same as which we know by assumption as well.
Suppose that if then and so we're really assuming that therefore since then by chaining inequalities we get which implies as needed. Now for the case of then we've assumed that now is positive and by symmetrically following our previous case with in place of we see that and so again, as needed.
Maximum is Always Bigger than It's arguments
Let then
Value Between Implies It's Absolute Value is Less than the Max of the Others
Suppose that then
Let's recall that
, and on the other hand that
combining inequalities, that says
therefore as needed.
Absolute Value Bounds Distance
Suppose that with then
We know that
iff which is the same as
as needed.
absolute value greater inequality
Suppose that and that such that then
Since then
absolute value equality
Suppose that and that , then or
TODO
not equal range
Suppose that then if then
Suppose that for contradiction, then , but either or , so this yields a contradiction.
changing sign doesn't change absolute value
Let then
absolute value is greater than itself
- if then
- if then so this is true since and
absolute value is greater than the negative version of itself
using the fact and subbing in we obtain the result
Triangle Inequality
Suppose that , then we have
Generalized Triangle Inequality
Suppose that is finite then
We prove it true by induction based on the size of . Base case is covered by the regular triangle inequality. Now suppose that it holds true for we'll show it holds true for , let , then we have since . Now by the regular triangle inequality we obtain that
Isolate Absolute value Inequality
Let then implies that
We have the following: Where in the second last line we used the triangle inequality